Red Admiral Butterfly

The red admiral butterflies have been out in abundance lately.  Here are some of my favourite shots of these beauties....



The red admiral has some distinctive patterning that make them quite easy to identify.  The males and females are similar looking. 

This one looks like it has escaped death a few times.  The tears in the wings are most likely from birds. 



The underside of the red admiral's wings are very intricate.  See how it is holding its wings together over its back while resting... this is one way to determine that it is a butterfly.  The clubbed antennae is another characteristic indicative of a butterfly. 



For fun, I played with my focus a bit to create this abstract. 

Check out the following websites for more info on the red admiral and butterflies in general:

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/butterfly/allabout/Bflyormoth.shtml  The difference between a butterfly and a moth

http://www.gardenswithwings.com/butterfly/Red%20Admiral/index.html  Information on the red admiral



Pseudoscorpions

The butterflies were out in abundance yesterday.  I had never seen so many butterflies out all at once!  My neighbour had called me up to her house to photograph all the butterflies in her backyard.  Most of the butterflies were red admirals.  There were also a few question mark butterflies as well.  That is not a question by the way... the butterfly is actually called the question mark!    It seemed a lot of mating was going on... it must be Spring! 

While taking some pictures of a particular red admiral, I noticed that it had a piece of fluff on its leg.  I was actually a little disappointed, as I thought that it would detract from the photo I was attempting to make.  I managed about five shots of it before it flew off, and then continued taking photos of all the other butterflies in the backyard. 

Imagine my surprise (and joy!) when I downloaded my photos to my computer and discovered that the annoying piece of fluff (my over 40 eyes don't see like they used to!) was a fascinating little creature!  I had a pretty good idea as to what it was, so with a little bit of googling I determined that this was a pseudoscorpion! 

I am still researching this little arachnid, but for now, here are the...

Juicy Tidbits

• Ranges between 2 - 8 mm in length
• A predacious arachnid with venomous pedipalps to help it subdue its prey
• Related to the scorpion... harmless to humans and pets
• Beneficial to humans because they eat many other insects that are thought of as pests.  This includes clothes moth larvae, carpet beetle larvae, ants, small flies, mites and booklice to name a few.  And according to my photo, they perhaps eat butterflies as well
• They live in leaf litter, under rocks, under bark and within decaying wood
• They can end up in your home, but are harmless 
• Are also know as a false scorpion or a book scorpion

Enough talk... let's get to the pics!

A pseudoscorpion hitching a ride on a butterfly's leg.  Click the photo for a larger view

A cropped in version to give better detail of the pseudoscorpion

I am uncertain as to the fate of this butterfly.  Was the pseudoscorpion simply hitching a ride, or has it found itself a scrumptious (and rather large) meal?  If you know have any more information on this fascinating creature, please feel free to comment! 

May 11th update:

According to the good people at http://www.bugguide.net/, the butterfly will not fall victim to this little beast.  The pseudoscorpion was indeed just hitchin' a ride!  Thanks for the info Ken Wolgemuth

The following websites were used in gathering my information... Check them out for a better understanding of this incredible arachnid!

http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/news24_1/pseudoscorpions.htm  by Chris Buddle

http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/news24_1/pseudoscorpions.htm  The Canadian Encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscorpion  Wikipedia

http://robhigginsblog.blogspot.ca/2009/04/pseudoscorpions.html  by Dr. Rob Higgins

An Amazing Day at the Toronto Zoo

I hadn't been to the Toronto Zoo in ages.  The last time I made it there was in 2008 when my husband and I helped supervise my youngest son's grade 2 excursion there.  We spent more time herding the children than looking at the animals ourselves.  So when some new friends from the Barrie Photo Club, Tim and Yvonne, invited me to join them, I jumped at the chance. 

We went on Friday, December 2nd.  It was a cool day, but the sun made an appearance or two throughout our visit.  The best part was that zoo wasn't busy at all.  There wasn't a school bus in the parking lot!  A perfect day to take our time and get some shots of some amazing, beautiful animals.

Here are some of my favourite pictures taken throughout the course of the day.  The next time I go, I will write down some of the names of the animals I am photographing, as there are a few animals I am unfamiliar with. 

Our first stop was to see the Rhino...

 I used my telephoto lens so I could fill the frame with the rhino. 

This fish was a very cooperative subject....

Click on the picture to see even larger.  I love the detail of its tiny teeth.



Not sure what kind of fish these are, but was so pleased with how well they turned out!

Another detail I will be more aware of is what exhibit the animals are part of and the building they are in.  I am not that familiar with the zoo, so I can't tell you where some of these pictures were taken.  I do like to include a lot of detail!! Sorry!!



Don't forget to bring a lens cloth, for when you go into the tropical exhibits, your lens can fog up quite quickly, especially when you are coming in from the cold.   I usually keep two with me at all times.  One is attached to my camera strap, and the other is tucked in my camera bag. 

Here are some of my favourite tropical shots.....



White Tree Nymph Butterfly.  I could chase butterflies all day! 

A guinea fowl.  Looks like a cross between a decorative throw pillow, a turkey and a dinosaur with a crested head!



This bird was staring me down! 



Snackus Interruptus



Although I do greatly enjoy the zoo, I often find that the primate exhibits bring me down.  They often seem very sad, as they are not where they should be... out in the wild.  



The eyes on this little orangutan seemed quite sad. 













Mother and Infant having a nap ~ much like how I used to nap with my own children...

A couple shots of the tigers taken with my telephoto lens.  There is a fogginess to parts of the pictures, as I had to shoot through the wire fencing. 

This is Brytne, a 13 year old Sumatran tiger



This is Harimau Kayu, which translates to "Tiger Woods".  He is a 3 year old Sumatran tiger brought from the San Diego Zoo to be part of a breeding program. 



The highlight of our day was easily the polar bear exhibit.  Fortunately for us, the polar bears were up and about and feeling a little playful.  I had hoped to catch a few under water shots, but all the playfulness was happening on land today.







What a great day of animal watching and photography.  I could have stayed hours longer, but it was time to get home for my kids.

A huge thanks to Tim and Yvonne for inviting me on their Toronto Zoo trip.  I look forward to the next time! 

UPDATE:  On December 15th, Brytne, the 13 year old Sumatran tiger died after an altercation with her intended mate Harimau Kayu.  An unfortunate end to what everyone was hoping to be a joyous outcome... a new little of tigers for a critically endangered species. 

I feel very fortunate to have been able to photograph Brytne before her passing. 

Some links of interest:

http://www.torontozoo.com/

http://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/zoos-good-or-bad.htm





Virginian Woolly Bear

I don't seem to have much luck getting shots of butterflies and moths, but my luck seemed to change a bit this past summer.  Some of the incredible beauties I shot this summer included a giant polyphemus moth, a gorgeous viceroy blowing on the goldenrod, and this delicate creature ~ a Virginian tiger moth.




Virginain tiger moth in my garden

 

I had been having some troubles identifying this moth, so I consulted with the pros at http://www.bugguide.net/.  The problem was that my National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects & Spiders listed this moth as a Yellow Woolly Bear Moth (Diacrisia virginica), but all the images I found online identified it as a Virginian Woolly Bear (Spilosoma virginica).  As it turns out, Diacrisia virginica is the old name and Spilosoma virginica is the new.  Thanks to John and Jane Balaban for teaching me this.  I was rather stumped as to what to properly call this moth ~ a Virginian tiger moth! 




I love how you can see its tongue!  Click this photo to enlarge it. 

 The Virginian tiger moth ranges from southern Canada throughout the entire United States, and southward into eastern Mexico. 

The caterpillars of this moth can be called yellow bear caterpillars, or simply, Virginian tiger moth caterpillars.  These caterpillars feed on a variety of plants including forest trees, shrubs and low growing vegetation.

Please check out this site for some fantastic photos of the yellow bear caterpillar:  http://www.carolinanature.com/moths/virginiantigermoth.html

Bill Oehlke has an informative link here  http://www.silkmoths.bizland.com/ssvirgin.htm on the Virginian Tiger Moth.

Here are some other shots I managed to get this summer....

Polyphemus Moth... the largest moth I've ever had the privilege of finding

Viceroy on Goldenrod

Hornworm vs. Braconid Wasp

Pupating braconid wasp larvae on a tobacco hornworm

One of my coolest finds this summer was this hornworm covered in braconid wasp cocoons.  My first reaction was "oh... poor caterpillar!".  I have since learned that this is often a welcomed sight, especially by gardeners, since the hornworm can be a terrible pest in the garden.  Because there are seven stripes on this subject, I believe this is a tobacco hornworm as opposed to a tomato hornworm. The two hornworms are very similar.  It is a bit hard to tell because of all the cocoons in the way!    For more on hornworms, check out this great site:  http://www.growgardentomatoes.com/tomato-worms.html

The dark spots you see are the exit wounds where the larvae exited the caterpillar so they could pupate.

What you are seeing here is the last stage of development for the braconid wasp.  The wasps are pupating in the cocoons, and will soon emerge as adult wasps.  The wasps themselves are not actually very big ~ no more than 1/2 an inch in length.  What I found amazing, is how they got to this stage.  Lets start at the begininng...

The braconid wasp is a parasitoid.  This means that it spends a significant portion of its life attached to, or inside of, a host organism.  The host, in the end, usually dies.  The braconid wasp has many different hosts it likes to feed upon.  These include aphids, bark beetles, squash bugs, stink bugs and caterpillars like the one seen here. 

To keep it simple, here is how the lifecycle of the wasp goes:

An adult female lays her eggs inside a host organism by piercing its skin with her long sting-like ovipostor.  Her ovipositor injects the eggs inside the host, where, once hatched,  they will eat the host's viscera (internal organs) while developing.  The host (amazingly!) remains alive during this process. 

Click the pictures for a larger view!

When the wasp larvae are ready for the next stage of development, they eat their way out of the caterpillar. They then spin themselves into the tiny white cocoons you see hanging on the outside of the hornworm.  Here they will pupate until they are ready to emerge as adult cocoons.  The caterpillar soon dies after this. 

It is a rather gruesome life cycle.  So I still think "oh... poor caterpillar!", but knowing that the hornworm here is the pest, and the wasp is the beneficial insect eases my mind a bit. 

I just hope that in my next life, I don't come back as a hornworm!


To find out more about this fascinating process, check out the following sites:

http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/galveston/beneficials/beneficial-04_braconid_wasp_on_hornworm.htm

http://www.growgardentomatoes.com/tomato-worms.html

Tachina Fly: Flies with Benefits

Going through some pictures from the summer, I stumbled across this photo of some kind of fly.  Using my "National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects & Spiders", I feel confident that this fly is a Tachina Fly. 




Click on the photo to better see the pollen on the wings. 


As bothersome as flies can be, I am often surprised by both their beauty and their benefits.  The tachina fly is no exception.  Just from this photo, one can see that the tachina fly is a pollinator.  While in search of nectar, it is easy for this hairy fly to become covered in pollen.  According to Wikipedia, this can be beneficial in higher elevations where there are significantly fewer bees.

Another benefit to this fly is the fact that the larvae of this fly are internal parasitoids of certain other pest insects.  Stink bug and leaffooted bug families are favourite host targets for this fly.   Specifically, squash bugs and green stink bugs.  The process is a bit gruesome, but not everything in nature is rainbows and butterflies.  There are a variety of ways that the tachina fly gets its larvae inside the host victim.  Some flies lay their eggs on leaves that are ingested by other insects like caterpillars, butterflies or moths.  This tachina fly (the female can lay about 100 eggs) deposits a single egg on its vicitm.  The egg is very sticky and cannot usually be removed from the host without killing it.  Once the egg hatches, the larva (or maggot) then bores directly into its host, where it will live off the interal juices for a few weeks while it grows. By the time it is ready to emerge from its host, the maggot will have grown to the size of the body cavity of its victim.  Once it emerges, the host insect finally dies, and the cream coloured maggot starts a pupation phase about an inch underground.  Two weeks later, the adult fly will emerge.

For more information on this fascinating fly, check out the following websites:

http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/mbcn/kyf605.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachinidae

Argiopes, at last!

When we moved to Barrie six years ago, I recall seeing my first black and yellow argiope on the side of my house and was amazed at its size and spectacular colour and markings.  I didn't know what it was at first, but with a bit of googling, I was able to figure it out quite quickly.   That was the summer of 2005.  Since then, whenever out on a nature walk, working in my garden or frog hunting with my kids, I always hoped to come across another one of these beauties.  No such luck.  Not until 2009, when I finally found my next argiope, which was a banded argiope.  This spider is also very impressive, with wonderful markings and colours... even on its legs!  




Banded Argiope with prey.  Note the legs are held in four neat pairs and it sits with its head down in the web. 



Two years go by until my next finds.  Luckily, I found these spiders within days of each other... something I am not quite used to!  The first argiope was a black and yellow argiope and was spotted by my friend John while we were walking the trails at Tiny March, outside of Elmsdale, Ontario.



Black and Yellow Argiope.  Such spectacular markings and fantastic colour.  This spider was about 2 inches including leg span.  The thick, white, zigzag stabilimenta can be seen here running through the centre of the photo. 



It was found hanging out in its web, head down, holding its eight legs in four neat pairs. This is typically how these spiders sit in their webs.  Thankfully, it didn't budge while we took turns photographing it.  Not only is it difficult to get a good shot of a moving spider, but it's also a but unnerving!  The second argiope I found next to a soccer field near my house.  This one was a banded argiope and was found with its web quite low in the goldenrod.  It too, sat motionless on its web, head down, with its legs held in four neat pairs. 



Banded Argiope with dinner. 



Juicy Tidbits

• The black and yellow argiope can also be called a black and yellow garden spider, a writing spider or a corn spider. 

• They are a good sized spider, with a body length ranging between 15 and 25 mm.

• Argiopes have a thick zigzag weaved into their webs.  This is called a stabilimenta.  The function of the stabilimentum in webs is not exactly known.  Initially, it was believed that its function was to help stabilize the web.  This is not widely accepted anymore.  More popular theories are that stabilimentum serve to help camouflage the spider or that the thick, visible zigzag pattern helps to warn bigger unwanted guests that there is a web in their way.   The fewer times a spider has to rebuild its web the better!  For more info on some of the different theories, check out this link:  http://www.bugsinthenews.com/stabilimentum_and_some_notions_on%20function.htm

• After the black and yellow ariope male mates with the female, it dies.  The female then eats him. This is known as "sexual cannibalism" or male self sacrifice.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_cannibalism, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argiope_aurantia

• The latin name for the black and yellow argiope is Argiope aurantia

• The latin name for the banded argiope is Argiope trifasciata